3^rd International Conference and Expo on Oil and Gas July 13-14, 2017 Berlin, Germany

Biography:

Manal Hamad Al-Amiri has 19 years of Civil/Structural Engineer experienced in designing building and structural elements and has experience of numerous computer analyses (like STAAD and RISA) and drafting Civil Engineering Contracts (FEED Packages) for several civil buildings/structures within oil and gas field. Currently she is working in Kuwait Oil Company as a Projects Support Services Group (Major Projects).

Abstract:

As one of the oil and gas companies, Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) is fully committed in protecting the health and safety of its employees, including contractors, visitors and the environment in the communities where it operates. KOC recognizes that by integrating health, safety and environment leadership into all aspects of its business, the methods of harvesting Kuwait oil and gas resources can be improved for the benefit of the state of Kuwait and its employees and customers. Therefore, KOC has developed 11 HSE System elements to be followed by its employees. These elements are: Leadership Commitment and Accountability (Element 1): People at all levels are responsible for leading and encouraging the workforce to meet health, safety, technical integrity and environment goals and objectives. Training, Competency & Behavior (Element 2): KOC workforce are carefully selected and trained, certified as required and their skills and competencies regularly assessed. Risk Assessment, Compliance and Management (Element 3): KOC regularly identify hazards, asses and manage the risks associated with its activities, maintain programs to identify communicate and comply with HSE laws, regulations and other obligatory requirements. Facilities Design & Construction (Element 4): New and existing facilities designed, procured, constructed and commissioned to be safe, secure, and healthy and environmentally sound while they are in operation by using recognized standards, procedures and management system. Operation and Maintenance (Element 5): Facilities are operated and maintained within the current design. Management of Change (Element 6): KOC comply with changes to laws and regulations and take account of new scientific evidence relating to HSE effects. Crises Preparedness and Management (Element 7): Emergency management plans are maintained to cover all facilities, locations and activities. These plans will identify equipment, training and personnel necessary to protect the workforce, customers, public, environment and KOC reputation in the event of an incident. Incident Analysis and Prevention (Element 8): All incidents are reported, investigated and analyzed to prevent recurrence and improve KOC HSE performance. Investigations will focus on root causes and /or system failures. Corrective actions and preventive measures will be utilized to prevent further injuries and losses. Communication and Reporting (Element 9): KOC actively engage in dialog with stakeholders to receive public feedback, maintain public confidence in the integrity of its operations and to communicate HSE performance. Internal communication is essential between various KOC (departments) regarding HSE expectations and performance. Contractors and Vendors (Element 10): Contractors and vendors are keys to KOC business performance and KOC will assess their capabilities and competencies to perform work on its behalf. KOC will work together with contractors as partners to ensure HSE requirements are fully implemented. Information and Documentation (Element 11): KOC will maintain information management systems to augment the effective implementation and maintenance of the HSEMS. Documentations and document control process will support effective HSE performance by ensuring access to current information for the execution of HSE responsibilities, as well as ensuring continuity and consistency over time.

Biography:

Emad Elnajjar is an Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering Department at UAE University. He has earned his PhD degree in the field of Aerospace Engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL, 2000. His research areas of interest are: Combustion, emission and control biofuels, system integration, energy management, renewable energy, experimental thermal fluids, micro-heat exchangers, LHP and carbon nanotubes synthesis.

Abstract:

This study was carried out to investigate the morphological characterization, the chemical composition and the percentage of the extracted oil of date seed powder with average size of 0.1<DS<0.3 mm. The date seed powder morphology was determined by employing scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Chemical composition by means of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), it was used for the detection of trace metals. The bomb calorimeter was used for determining the lower heating values. Thermo-Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) by monitoring the mass losses of samples determined by pyrolysis the date seed powder samples in an inert condition. The date seeds of two types of date palm from United Arab Emirates (UAE), Khalas and Allig were considered for this study. By means of approximate analysis the following percentage contents of Khalas date seeds powder were determined, an average for moisture, volatile and protein , volatile and lipids, carbohydrate, and ash were varied from 7%, 40%, 23%, 13% and 17% respectively. Meanwhile, for the Allig the approximate analysis results were an average for moisture, volatile and protein, volatile and lipids, carbohydrate, and ash were varied from 3%, 49%, 15%, 13% and 20% respectively. The ICP analysis resolved a total trace of metal components of 3.2%. the lower heating value of the Khallas and Allig powder measurements were 23 kJ/kg, 21 kJ/Kg respectively. Both Date seed types exhibits an amount of oil extraction of an average of 9.5%. Based on the study finding the palm date seed with its high energy density demonstrates a promising potential as a source for energy production among other nonedible organic product.

Biography:

Fawzi Banat is a Professor and Chair of Chemical Engineering Department at Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Petroleum Institute. He has obtained his PhD (Chemical Engineering) at McGill University, Canada, in 1995. Area of his research interests include gas and water treatment. He has received several research awards, published over 120 papers and holds a number of international patents.

Abstract:

Foaming and solvent degradation is a major issue in natural gas sweetening unit. Currently, GASCO Company (Abu Dhabi) is using aqueous methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) to scrub H₂S/CO₂. Adsorption is mostly applied technology to regenerate MDEA. Polymeric/clay hybrid composite were used in continuous adsorption to remove contaminants using different column diameter and height. This study focusses on the removal of organic acid anions as major contaminant present in lean MDEA. Dimensional analysis has been carried out in order to identify the relevant dimensionless groups involved to provide scale up studies. The adsorption column bed diameter and bed height was changed from 1.5-2.6 cm and 10-45 cm, respectively. The columns with 2.6 cm diameter having 10, 23 and 45 cm height were filled with different weight of adsorbents. It was observed that with increasing bed diameter the breakthrough as well as bed saturation time was increased. The breakthrough curve for lower diameter column was observed to have a sharp slope and shortened mass transfer zone. The bed height of 10 cm had faster breakthrough as compared to 23 and 45 cm bed height. Thus, higher the bed height, higher is the breakthrough as more amount of lean MDEA can be treated. Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were used for analyzing the experimental data. For the scale up studies, the concentration of the contaminants in the column was approximated into two zones: A large saturated zone and a smaller unused zone. Then assumptions were made for laboratory to pilot scale that when the column gets longer, the size of the saturated zone will change but the size of the unused zone remain constant. While, for industrial scale both the zones will increase accordingly. The findings of this research could contribute to the industrial scale up for the purification of lean MDEA.

Recent Publications:

1. Crittenden JC, Berrigan JK, Hand DW (1986) Design of rapid small-scale adsorption tests for a constant diffusivity, Journal of Water Pollution Control Federations 58: 312-319.
2. Lin SD (2007) Water and wastewater calculations manual, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 442-443.
3. Corwin CJ, Scott SR (2010) Scaling trace organic contaminant adsorption by granular activated carbon. Environmental Science and Technology 44:5403-5408.
4. Yan G, Virarghavan T, Chen, M (2001) A new model for heavy metal removal in a biosorption column. Adsorption Science and Technology 19:25-43.
5. Werner D, Karapanagioti HK, Sabatini DA (2012) Assessing the effect of grain scale sorption rate limitations on the fate of hydrophobic organic groundwater pollutants. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 129-130: 70-79.

Biography:

Leema Abd Al-Rahman Al-Makhadmeh is currently working as an Associate Professor at the Department of Environmental Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University and Department of Chemical Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan. She has completed her BSc and MS degrees from Jordan University of Science and Technology and PhD degree from Stuttgart University, Germany. Her research areas are oxy-fuel combustion, pyrolysis and char combustion, emission control technologies (NOx, SOx, PM) and others.

Abstract:

Direct combustion of Jordanian oil shale under oxy-fuel conditions was investigated. Unstaged and staged air-firing as well as combustion at 27% O₂/73% CO₂ (OF27) was conducted successfully. A 20 kW vertical reactor was used at a combustion temperature of 1200 ^oC. Oil shale-N conversion rate to NO is higher during unstaged air-firing than oxy-fuel combustion; they are 27% and 15% for air-firing and OF27 combustion, respectively. NOx emission reduced efficiently by adopting staged combustion technology under oxy-fuel conditions as well as air-firing. In addition, the reduction of simulated recycled NO has been investigated. The actual situation has been simulated by injecting NO in the reactor through the burner during OF27 combustion. The reduction of the injected NO is more efficient with staging compared to unstaged combustion mode; 100% reduction of the injected NO during staged OF27 combustion is registered while for unstaged OF27 combustion it ranges from 57% to 65%. The high sulfur content in Jordanian oil shale is considered one of the biggest challenges for its utilization. The oil shale-S conversion rate to SO₂ is lower during unstaged OF27 combustion compared to air-firing; they are 69% and 49% for air-firing and OF27 combustion, respectively. For both unstaged combustion modes, direct limestone injection at different molar Ca/S ratios has been investigated; SO₂ emissions are reduced significantly by direct limestone injection. At Ca/S molar ratio of 3, the desulfurization efficiencies are 100% and 95% for OF27 combustion and air-firing, respectively.

Recent Publications:

1. Al-Makhadmeh L., J. Maier, MA Batiha and G. Scheffknecht (2017) Oxy-fuel technology: Oil shale desulphurisation behaviour during staged combustion. Fuel, 190, 229–236. Online on 26/11/2016.

2. Al-Makhadmeh L., MA Batiha (2015) Removal of Iron and Copper from Aqueous Solutions Using Jordanian Kaolin and Zeolitic Tuff. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2015. 1-14.

3. Al-Makhadmeh L., J. Maier, M. Al-Harahsheh and G. Scheffknecht (2015) Oxy-fuel technology: Oil shale desulphurisation behaviour during unstaged combustion. Fuel, 158, 460–470.

4. Mohammad Al-Harahsheh, Awni Al-Otoom, Leema Al-Makhadmah, Ian E Hamilton, Sam Kingman, and Sameer Al-Asheh (2015) Pyrolysis of Poly(vinyl chloride) and –Electric Arc Furnace Dust Mixtures. HAZMAT, Jun 25; 299: 425-436.

5. Al-Makhadmeh L., J. Maier and G. Scheffknecht (2014) Oxy-fuel technology: NO Reduction During Oxy-Oilshale combustion. Fuel, 128, 155–161.

Biography:

Jing Zhu has received her BSc degree from China University of Petroleum, China in 2011. She is currently working toward her PhD degree in Material Science and Engineering at China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China. Her research interests focus on the application of THz waves.

Abstract:

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanated from car spills and oil and gas development can have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on human beings. Adsorption using activated carbon with high specific surface area and large pore volume was one of the most widely used and mature methods to recycle VOCs. In this paper, an investigation was presented about terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) as a novel tool for the characterization of the dynamic adsorption rate of volatile organic compounds, including isooctane, ethanol, and butyl acetate, in the pores of active carbon. The THz-TDS peak intensity (E_P) was extracted and corresponded to the measurement time frames. By analyzing E_P with time, the entire process could be divided into three physical parts including volatilization, adsorption and stabilization so that the adsorption dynamics could be clearly identified. In addition, based on the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the relationship between E_P and time in the adsorption process, a mathematical model was built in terms of the adsorbed rate parameter and the THz parameter. Consequently, the adsorption rate of isooctane, ethanol and butyl acetate could be assessed by the THz measurement, indicating that THz spectroscopy could be used as a promising selection tool to monitor the adsorption dynamics and evaluate adsorption efficiency in the recovery of pollutants.

Recent Publications

1. Jing Z, et al. (2016) Adsorption dynamics and rate assessment of volatile organic compounds in active carbon. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18:27175-27178.
2. Honglei Z, et al. (2015) Water adsorption dynamics in active carbon probed by terahertz spectroscopy. RSC Advances 5:14389-14392.
3. Jing Z, et al. (2016) Evaluating the characteristics of unconventional hydrocarbon resources with terahertz technology. Scientia Sinica 46:084201.
4. Honglei Z, et al. (2016) Monitoring PM2.5 in the Atmosphere by Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy. Journal of Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves 37: 929-938.
5. Honglei Z, et al. (2015) Less than 6 GHz resolution THz spectroscopy of water vapor 58:2104-2109.

Biography:

Yizhang Li was graduated from Tianjin University in 2013 and is currently a Doctoral candidate in China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China. He majors in material science and engineering and focuses on characterizing oil shale with optical measurement. 

Abstract:

Oil shale is widely viewed as important supplementary resource for petroleum. The quality of oil shale from certain region is conventionally assessed with maximum oil yield by Fischer Assay while the results may be different due to specific pyrolysis conditions. To determine utmost oil yield using non-chemical method is free from reaction interference and time-saving. In this study, we applied different combinations of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and ventilating rate to process pulverized oil shale from Longkou, China so as to reserve various amount of organic matter. During pyrolysis, covalent bonds within kerogen of oil shale were subject to damage and thus shale oil and gas with light molecular weight formed. However, pyrolysis temperature was not sufficient to change inorganic mineral matrix. Therefore, the remaining organic matter of semicoke was distinct while the mineral matrix was alike. All of semicoke was compacted under same conditions to meet requirement of following optical experiments. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy was employed to detect semicoke tablets. According to the absorption of semicoke to terahertz wave, it was found that the transition of yield-condition dependence was in consistent with absorption-condition dependence. We had analyzed influence of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and ventilating rate to Fischer Assay. Briefly, it turned out that rise of pyrolysis spanning from 400 °C to 550 °C facilitate shale oil production. Besides, optimal values were found for both heating rate as well as ventilating rate at 15 °C/min and 0.6 L/min, respectively. Such a transition for oil yield was related to secondary cracking, which was verified by data on pyrolysis products. As organic matter own distinct response to terahertz wave, the artificial maturation process can be characterized with optical parameter in terahertz range and this feature allows for the chance that optimization of pyrolysis efficiency based on terahertz time domain spectroscopy.

Recent Publications:

1. Bao, R. M., Yizhang, L. I., Zhan, H. L., Zhao, K., Wei, W., & Yue, M. A., et al. (2015). Probing the oil content in oil shale with terahertz spectroscopy. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 58(11), 114211-114211
2. Bao, R. M., Miao, X. Y., Feng, C. J., Zhang, Y. Z., Zhan, H. L., & Zhao, K., et al. (2016). Characterizing the oil and water distribution in low permeability core by reconstruction of terahertz images. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 59(6), 1-2.
3. Miao, X. Y., Zhan, H. L., Zhao, K., Li, Y. Z., Sun, Q., & Bao, R. M. (2016). Oil yield characterization by anisotropy in optical parameters of the oil shale.  Energy Fuels 30:10365−10370.
4. Gao, S. C., Yuan, Z. W., Zhan, H. L., Miao, X. Y., Yizhang, L. I., & Zhao, K., et al. (2016). Terahertz spectral features and quantitative analysis of minerals in Ordos Basin Yanchang formation. Scientia Sinica,46(3), 034202.
5. Li, N., Zhan, H., Zhao, K., Zhang, Z., Li, C., & Zhang, C. (2016). Characterizing pm 2.5, in Beijing and Shanxi province using terahertz radiation. Frontiers of Optoelectronics, 9(4), 1-5

Biography:

Yan Song has her expertise in the evaluation and characterization of fluid (microfluidic) flow in the oil and gas field based on new optical method. Her research of oil-water two-phase flow based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy makes supplement of flow pattern analysis in the oil and gas field.

Abstract:

Understanding the dynamics behaviors of oil-water two-phase flow is crucial to important problems in the oil wells and pipelines. Because of the extremely high sensitivity of terahertz wave to hydrogen bonding, a new method to study oil-water two-phase flow is put forward using the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). By comparing the amplitudes of the maximum peak in THz-TDS, the ability of THz-TDS has been shown previously to discriminate the flow pattern for oil-water two-phase flow with low water content in rectangular pipe. For further study on oil-water two-phase flow, we conduct another experiment using diesel and tap water. The amplitude of THz-TDS of oil-water two-phase flow is corresponding to the flow pattern, the flow pattern and the critical flow rate can be distinguished by THz-TDS. When the oil-water mixture flow rates are high, the water phase is intensively impacted by the oil phase and W/O flow is found and the water content in the test part almost keeps unchanged in this situation resulting in the unchanged THz signal in the measurement. As the decrease of mixture flow rate, the droplets are mainly affected by gravity and the force associated with the motion reduces. For further decrease in the mixture flow velocities, the number of droplets reduces and the maximum drop size increases, the flow is gravity dominated and then the O & DW/O flow pattern is formed. In order to investigate the effect of the input mixture flow rate on the slip, simulations have been performed under selected mixture flow rates for the two-phase flows with different input water fractions. The results reveal that the slip is mainly dominated by the mixing flow rate at low flow rates, whereas the effect decreases gradually with increasing flow rate.

Recent Publications:

1. Feng X, Wu SX, Zhao K, Wang W, Zhan HL, Jiang C, Xiao LZ, Chen SH (2015) Pattern transitions of oil-water two-phase flow with low water content in rectangular horizontal pipes probed by Terahertz Spectrum. Optical Express 23:A1693-1699.
2. Song Y, Zhan HL, Zhao K, Miao XY, Lu ZQ, Bao RM, Zhu J, Xiao LZ (2016) Simultaneous characterization of water content and distribution in high water cut crude oil. Energy & Fuels 30:3929-3933.
3. Zhan HL, Wu SX, Bao RM, d, Ge LN, Zhao K (2015) Qualitative identification of crude oils from different oil fields using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Fuel 143:189-193.
4. Jiang C, Zhao K, Zhao LJ, Jin WJ, Yang YP, Chen SH (2014) Probing Disaggregation of Crude Oil in a Magnetic Field with Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy. Energy & Fuels 28: 483-487.
5. Jiang C, Zhao K, Fu C, Xiao LZ (2017) Characterization of morphology and structure of wax crystals in waxy crude oils by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Energy & Fuels 31:1416–1421.

Biography:

Dhruvin Kaneria is an Oil and Gas innovator, graduating in Petroleum Engineering from Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University. He has presented more than 5 papers in various universities in India. His ongoing research includes Cambay Shale geomechanics, proppant conductivity and on new ideas like Internet of things and laser technology which could possibly change oil and operations.

Abstract:

The Cambay Basin is an intracratonic basin located along the western continental passive margin of Indian platform of Western Indian State of Gujarat. It has been prognosticated as the main shale gas reservoirs with resource potential of around 231 BCF/mi², high organic matter content (3.0%), complex lithology-stratigraphy and anisotropy. It is very difficult to understand the mineral assemblage, zone of weakness, fracture alignment and stress orientation in this unconventional reserve. The tectonic block chosen for investigation is Ahmedabad-Mehsana Tectonic Block (North Cambay Basin) of Cambay Basin, India. In the study, a directional dependence of the velocity of seismic waves (P and S waves) in the horizontal and vertical core plugs of Cambay Shale has been studied at different confining pressure (i.e., from 250 psi to 3000 psi) to understand the preferential orientation of mineral, microcracks, fracture alignment across the bedding plane and porosity. The elastic stiffness constants and Thomsen's parameters are calculated and plotted against the different confining pressure on both the plugs. The variation of velocities indicates the anisotropic nature of this shale and the same has been validated by the results of Single Stage Triaxial Geomechanical Test. 

Figure-1: Well log and laboratory data comparison.

Biography:

Yakubu Musah muntaka is my name, Ghanaian by citizen. I had my elementary  school at St.  Peters international school early 1999s and later finished my junior high school at  kings international  school in 2004.  I then proceeded to Adventist senior high school where I completed with distinction in May 2008. I then moved further to the university  of professional  studies,  Accra  where I had my first degree in Business Administration and held various leadership position as the local NUGS President where I completed in August 2013. A year after I did my compulsory national service at the National Health  Insurance Scheme( NHIS) as an assistant  administrator. I later moved to Milito  Enterprise  at Dworwulu  as an administrator IN MAY 2015. After two years I established my own enterprise, YM ventures which deals with import and export of general goods. Currently  im offering my Masters programme in oil and gas at the university of professional  studies, Accra.  My passion is to serve my country, for the matter am also working Galaxy oil as an assistant administrator which is a Ghanaian owned oil and gas company. 

Abstract:

 Ghana was the first sub-Sahara country to gain independence (1957). In the early 1990s, after a long period of military rule, Ghana became a democratic state. Since then, it has been regarded as one of the most stable African democracies. The level of corruption is quite low, there are no violent conflicts and the macroeconomic structure is relatively strong. GDP is around US$38,24 billion, while the total state revenues, including grants, are approximately 30% of GDP.  In 2004 the country sold licenses for offshore oil exploration and production to different international companies. In July 2007, Tullow Oil and Kosmos Energy discovered oil in commercial quantities in the western region of Ghana, named as “Jubilee Field”. Development of the production site started right away and in December 2010 oil production was officially launched. The Tweneboa field seems to be a second major discovery. It is spread out in the Deepwater Tano and West Cape Three Points blocks. The field covers 110 km², which is about the size of 155 football pitches. The Tweneboa field (6 km east of Jubilee) was discovered in March 2009. In July 2010 the Owo-1 drilling confirmed the reasonably big amounts of the field. A maximum depth of 4,000 meters has been drilled. There does not seem to be an underwater channel connection between the Tweneboa and the Jubilee field. Apart from these major findings, there are also several smaller wells close by. In particular the Owo-1 well in the Tweneboa field and the small Dana GH Western Tano field are located very close to the Côte d’Ivoire border. For these drillings precise locations have not been made public, but all the exact coordinates of the Jubilee wells have been published and it seems clear that they are within Ghanaian territory [Ghanaweb.com, 2010(I)] The Jubilee Field the figures of the amount of oil expected in the Jubilee field, published by Ghanaian newspapers, vary between 1 and 2 billion barrels of crude oil. In their status report 2008, the state owned Ghana National Petroleum Company (GNPC) published figures stating that 800 million barrels of oil is the total field amount, with an upside potential of 3 billion barrels of oil [GNPC, 2008].

Biography:

Tianyao Hao is a Researcher at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Deputy Editor of Chinese Journal of Geophysics and she is mainly engaged in integrated geophysical research in the sea-land oil and gas basin. In recent years, she has been focused on the application of non-seismic methods in oil and gas basin research, integrated geophysical research of pre-Cenozoic residual basins, integrated geophysical research of deep structure and fault system in Chinese seas and development of submarine geophysical exploration equipment.

Abstract:

Sichuan Basin is the basin with the largest number of proven gas reserves, the number of gas fields found and the cumulative output of gas in China. The study of basement structure of the basin is very important in the deep oil and gas exploration. The research concerned on the structure of Sichuan basin’s basement based on aeromagnetic data. We improved the method of determining the residual magnetization direction by the maximum cross-correlation method based on the vertical gradient and the total gradient of the magnetic anomaly. This reduction to the pole (RTP) method of magnetic anomalies considering the residual magnetization direction makes the result more reliable. We obtained residual basement magnetic anomaly (RBMA) from aeromagnetic data, then inverted the undulating magnetic basement and its susceptibility distribution, divided the magnetic basement of Sichuan Basin into 7 parts and discussed the controlling effect of Sichuan basin’s magnetic basement on oil and gas migration and accumulation. Besides, the basement faults system was patterned with the help of the directional derivative, vertical derivative and horizontal gradient of the RBMA. The magnetic basement obtained in this paper is the top interface of lower mesoproterozoic with a depth of 3~10 km, which reflects the tectonic morphology and undulating characteristics of the deep metamorphic crystalline basement in the basin. The large inherited paleo-uplift developed on the magnetic basement uplift provides the conditions for the formation and aggregation of the pre-Cenozoic oil and gas. 

Figure-1: The depth of magnetic basement in the Sichuan Basin.

Recent Publications

1. Liu K, Hao TY (2014) Application of potential field method in the unconventional oil and gas exploration. Progress in Geophysics 29(2): 786-797.
2. Shi L, Meng XH, Guo LH, Chen S, Xu WM  (2014) A simple algorithm for estimating the magnetization direction of magnetic bodies under the influence of remanent magnetization. Progress in Geophysics 29(4):1748-1751.
3. Hao TY, Xu Y, Zhao BM, Zhang YJ, Peng LL (2009) Geophysical research on distribution features of magnetic basements in the South China Sea. Chinese Journal Geophysics 52(11): 2763-2774.
4. Cooper GRJ, Cowan DR (2005) Differential reduction to the pole. Computers & Geosciences 31:989–999.
5. Neal D, Li YG (2006) A new method for determination of magnetization direction. Geophysics 71(6):69-73.