Oil and gas are naturally occurred chemicals that are made up of just two elements Hydrogen and Carbon. Nowadays Oil and natural gas reserves are found in many parts of the world. In the past, demand was low, and reserves were easy to find. In fact, the first users of oil depended on surface oil excretion for their supplies. However, as demand has increased, all easily found oils has been used. Today, oil exploration takes place in some of the most challenging places on earth. Now all are surveying for new oil reserves thousands of feet under the ocean and lands. This session explains about Hydrocarbons and Hydrocarbon Reservoir, formation of Oil and Natural Gas, refining of crude oil and its restoring, pipelines for refined oils, natural Gas exploration and production.

In Present days, there is a worldwide demand for Oil and Gas which is not going to decline for decades. Environmental Impact Assessment expects global consumption of petroleum and oil fuels to continue to grow by 1.5 million b/d in 2017 and by 1.9 million b/d in 2018. On account of repository attributes and constraints in petroleum extraction innovations, just a small amount of this oil can be conveyed to the surface, and it is just this producible part that is thought to be stores.

Dubai, UAE, Qatar and countries in Asia hold among the most important sites present in the world Oil and Gas scenario and world conserve. There are also continental Oil and Gas growths, Challenges and issues in Oil and Gas developments, Gas industry and profession, Global Price influence and Price Monitoring and maintenance of reserves which control the Fuel economy.

Biofuels are a hot ecological theme right now. The part of the biofuel business is not to supplant oil diesel totally, but rather to help in making an adjusted vitality arrangement with the most advantage. Biodiesel is one of a few conceivable fills intended to augment the handiness of oil, and the life span and cleanliness of diesel motors. Biofuels carbon impartial: growing a tree and after that consuming it as a biofuel doesn't add any carbon dioxide to the air or exacerbate a dangerous atmospheric deviation at any extent. Biodiesel is intended to be utilized as a part of standard diesel motors and is along these lines from the vegetable and waste oils used to fuel changed over diesel motors. Biodiesel can be utilized alone or mixed with petro diesel in any extents. Biodiesel mixes can likewise be utilized as warming oil.

Enhanced oil recovery is the usage of different strategies for expanding the measure of unrefined petroleum that can be separated from an oil field. Improved oil recuperation is additionally called enhanced oil recuperation or tertiary recuperation. As per the US Department of Energy, there are three essential systems for EOR: warm recuperation, gas infusion, and substance injection. Sometimes the term quaternary recuperation is utilized to allude to more progressed, theoretical, EOR strategies. Utilizing EOR, 30 to 60 percent, or more, of the supply's unique oil can be extracted, compared with 20 to 40 percent utilizing essential and auxiliary recuperation.

There are various factors which governs the working of Oil and Gas Industries. Industrial and organizational psychology, Collaboration and business models, Industrial Development, Green Technology, Industrial Ecology and Eco technology, Materials, Production, Infrastructure, Offshore Oil and Gas Drilling Companies and Market Analysis, Drilling Companies, Market Analysis, Production Costs, Recovery Techniques, Environmental impact and shortage are among the chief factors.

<p justify;\"="" style="text-align: justify;">Business Development in raw Petroleum and regular Gas Economy joins gigantic open entryways, Alliance and Partnering, Technology Services, Target Innovative Projects, Trading and Transportation, Price Risk Management, Methods and Tools to Improve Project Planning and Delivery, Efficiency and Price Management, Reserves Management, Production Management, International Co-Operation, Fiscal Regime, Project Management and Project Economics, Human Resources are the significant wellsprings of Business Development and Investment Opportunities all through the world.

Petroleum and Petrochemicals includes New Technologies and Discoveries related to petroleum products, Chemical processes, Petrochemistry, Future targets, Marine and Petroleum Geology and Chemical Engineering. Petrochemicals, also called petroleum condensates, are chemical products derived from petroleum. The different petrochemical applications in industries are the key factors of the growth in this sector. The future brings more and more potentials for the petrochemical industry as a supplier of basic materials. Petrochemical industry favors integration due to obtain secure, low cost feed supply, enhance by-product stream value and minimize cost structure.

These tankers are used to transport refined products. The Large Range and Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCC) are employed in international crude oil trade. The size of tanker that can be used in any trade (commercial voyage between a port of origin and destination) is dependent on the tanker's length and loaded depth and the size of the loading and unloading ports.

<p justify;\"="" style="text-align: justify;">The larger ships are used because they reduce the cost to transport a barrel of crude oil. Oil Tankers: Today's cutting-edge tankers are the product of a commitment to safety combined with the power of computer-assisted design. As a result, the new ships traveling the seas are stronger.

Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries (also referred to as oil refineries) to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel, oil and fuel oils. Petroleum refineries are very large industrial complexes that involve many different processing units and auxiliary facilities such as utility units and storage tanks. Each refinery has its own unique arrangement and combination of refining processes largely determined by the refinery location, desired products and economic considerations. Some modern petroleum refineries process as much as 800,000 to 900,000 barrels (127,000 to 143,000 cubic meters) per day of crude oil.

<p justify;\"="" style="text-align: justify;">Rising prices, increasing air pollution and scarcity of fuels have forced scientists to look for alternative fuel sources. All energy sources which can be naturally replenished are renewable energy sources. Most of the times these two terms are used interchangeably. There is some sort of common belief that all renewable energy sources are sustainable and there is no difference between the two terms. However, this is not true. Renewable energy includes all those sources that do not cause any harm to environment and have minimal impact on the surrounding environment. Sustainable is much more a wider term and includes all type of energy sources. Sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, wave, tidal and hydrogen are renewable as well as sustainable since they have minimum impact on the environment whereas Nuclear energy is not considered as renewable, but it is sustainable as it pollutes the environment. This is the only reason that it is said that all renewable energy sources are sustainable but all sustainable energy sources are not renewable.